Treatment Success Rates in Medical Tourism

A cardiac surgical procedure under way in a hospital operating room

Unreviewed Written 9 October 2026| 7 sources| Two medical travel clinics’ success claims held unsubstantiated by a UK regulator Treatment Success Rates in Medical Tourism Verified against primary record Advertising rule A percentage success rate must not be given without making clear the actual number of patients treated[1] Regulator on small gaps Small differences between … Read more

International Patient Demographics

People waiting at the arrivals hall of an international airport terminal

Unreviewed Written 9 October 2026| 7 sources| One national collection publishes medical-travel patients by age, sex and residence International Patient Demographics Verified against primary record The one official collection located Latvia publishes medical tourism patients by age group, sex and country of usual residence[1] Its statutory definition A foreigner receiving elective medical services not covered … Read more

Medical Tourism Research Methods

Boxes of labelled biological samples stored in a research freezer

Unreviewed Written 9 October 2026| 5 sources| A WHO journal paper describes its own review as non-systematic, in its own words Medical Tourism Research Methods Verified against primary record The warrant for non-randomised designs Interventions that cannot be randomized, or are extremely unlikely to be studied in randomized trials[1] The trade-off it carries Undesirable uncertainty … Read more

Case Studies in Medical Tourism Research

A handwritten page from a nineteenth-century clinical casebook

Unreviewed Written 9 October 2026| 5 sources| CARE covers case reports, not case series, and sends surgical ones elsewhere Case Studies in Medical Tourism Research Verified against primary record Reporting guideline CARE, a 13-item checklist for clinical case reports[1] Its stated limit The sample size is one, and causality determinations are a challenge for case … Read more

Systematic Reviews of Medical Tourism

The reading room of a medical library lined with bound volumes

Unreviewed Written 9 October 2026| 7 sources| Four reviews compared; both 2026 reviews are narrow by design, not general Systematic Reviews of Medical Tourism Verified against primary record What a systematic review is A review using explicit, systematic methods to collate and synthesise findings of studies[1] A common misuse The reporting guideline should not be … Read more

Conflicts of Interest in Medical Tourism Research

Covers of successive issues of a peer-reviewed medical journal

Unreviewed Written 9 October 2026| 6 sources| Sponsorship-bias figures verified; they cover drug and device trials, not this field Conflicts of Interest in Medical Tourism Research Verified against primary record When a conflict exists When judgment concerning a primary interest may be influenced by a secondary interest[1] On appearances Perceptions of conflict of interest are … Read more

Missing Data in Medical Tourism Research

Paper medical records being filed in a records office

Unreviewed Written 9 October 2026| 5 sources| The famous imputation warning traced to Dempster and Rubin, not to the handbook Missing Data in Medical Tourism Research Verified against primary record Three mechanisms Missing completely at random, missing at random, and not missing at random[1] On filling gaps The idea of imputation is both seductive and … Read more

Selection Bias in Medical Tourism Research

A trial flow diagram showing how many people were screened, excluded and finally enrolled

Unreviewed Written 9 October 2026| 7 sources| No established epidemiological term for a healthy-traveller effect was located Selection Bias in Medical Tourism Research Verified against primary record When it occurs When individuals or groups in a study differ systematically from the population of interest[1] Records read Four bias reference entries, an epidemiology textbook chapter and … Read more

Risk Adjustment in Hospital Comparisons

A central monitoring station displaying vital signs for patients in an intensive care unit

Unreviewed Written 9 October 2026| 8 sources| Recoding 715 of 70,402 records moved 70 per cent of hospitals in a league table Risk Adjustment in Hospital Comparisons Verified against primary record The basic form A ratio of the observed number of deaths to the expected number of deaths for a provider[1] Variables in one national … Read more

Clinical Outcomes in Medical Tourism

An operating theatre set up for laparoscopic surgery

Unreviewed Written 9 October 2026| 7 sources| Two NHS trusts state in writing that treatment abroad is not a recorded field Clinical Outcomes in Medical Tourism Verified against primary record What a clinical outcome is A measurable change in symptoms, overall health, ability to function, quality of life or survival[1] The boundary it draws A … Read more